Introduction
It is often cited that in order to wholly understand a subject, it is imperative to analyse its origins. Starting in 1837, the world was introduced to the novel concept of modular housing which entails the components of a building being constructed off-site before being transported to the building site for final assembly. It will however take decades before the idea gained worldwide traction, and it seemingly arrived more out of necessity than anything else as the Second World War, along with its untold devastation, also created a housing crisis which required quick and efficient solutions. Fast-forward to modern times and modular housing has increasingly been embraced within several countries and has rid itself of the ‘second-rate’ tag it once held.
Benefits of Modular Construction
As is the case with most things in modern society, people are often averse to change. The idea of switching from a trusted, familiar and reliable source to what could be deemed as an unknown alternative, usually breeds uncertainty. However, some of the benefits of modular construction are fairly evident as it eliminates potential delays building sites frequently encounter from Mother Nature as 60-90% of the construction is carried out in a factory. Additionally, easier construction management, improved safety and security for workers, reduced construction time, cheaper costs, a more efficient and sustainable eco-design are aspects which further enhance the appeal of modular homes.
Sustainability of Modular Housing
As the ever-present issue of homelessness continues to plague countries worldwide, it is easy to surmise that no country stands to benefit more than Nigeria does with the widespread adoption and implementation of modular housing seeing as the country has the highest homeless population in the world with a figure exceeding 24 million. As cities within the country continue to grow and develop, there becomes an increased demand for varied services including housing, infrastructure, healthcare, education etc. Modular construction therefore poses a viable solution to several issues the country faces as it addresses the triple bottom line sustainability categories, namely: Environmental, Economic & Social.
- Environmental: Modular construction in Nigeria could reduce up to 52% of construction waste due to strict manufacturing guidelines during production within factories. Likewise, there is a significant reduction in the usage of water, as well as a lower carbon footprint due to the fewer lorry deliveries to and from the construction site.
- Economic: There are massive cost-saving benefits associated with this construction method as they require fewer raw materials, take less time to construct and have a reduced demand for labour. As a result, these modular homes cost less on average than the traditional brick-and-mortar houses. This increased affordability could be crucial as it seeks to be more inclusive by providing those within the marginalised sectors of society a greater opportunity to find housing.
- Social: The issue of homelessness is the primary social concern being addressed through the utilisation of modular housing as it provides greater opportunities for more people to find homes due to the reduced financial requirements. The government could also leverage the benefits brought about through this method of construction by creating communities consisting of several modular homes in order to provide a stepping stone for people to improve their living conditions. This will follow suit from several other countries including India, Canada, US and UK whose governments have adapted modular housing to tackle homelessness in their respective countries.
Drawbacks of Modular Construction
Despite all the benefits discussed, there remains a significant degree of scepticism around the idea of modular homes, especially within a developing country such as Nigeria. Drawbacks include limited customization options, additional separate costs including the likes of utilities, landscaping etc, and lastly, the public perception that modular housing is less desirable and are of a lower quality.
Conclusion
No one is under any illusions regarding the difficulty associated with what could be perceived as a seismic change in construction methods within Nigeria. However, it is evident that by leveraging the significant opportunity modular housing presents, it can indeed prove to be a win-win solution.
